10th November 2023, Mumbai: Air pollution is not just a distant environmental concern; it’s a threat that pervades our daily lives, directly and indirectly impacting our well-being. Beyond the lifestyle and genetic factors contributing to the surge in diabetes cases globally, environmental factors play a significant role. A recent study focusing on chronic diseases in India uncovered a disturbing link between inhaled PM2.5 particles and the onset of type 2 diabetes. As three of the ten most polluted cities worldwide are in India, urgent measures are imperative to protect our health from this perilous mix of pollutants, including harmful heavy metals.
Pollution and our Body: A Multisystem Menace
The consequences of air pollution extend far beyond respiratory issues. Heart, eyes, throat, gastrointestinal tract, and even the brain bear the brunt of pollutants, leading to various health problems, including cancer. The alarming rise in premature deaths attributed to pollution underscores its pervasive impact. Now, research is shedding light on a new concern—pollution’s role in the escalating diabetes epidemic. Dr. Sandeep Nayar, Principal Director & HOD, Pulmonology at BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, emphasizes that air pollution can affect every organ in the body, and its entry through the lungs enables it to reach all parts via the bloodstream.
How Pollution Increases the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Inflammation: A Catalyst for Diabetes
Dr. Nayar explains that pollution triggers an increase in inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, both known precursors to diabetes. The chronic exposure to polluted air sets off a chain reaction within the body, creating an environment conducive to the development of diabetes.
Insulin Production Under Siege
Another pathway through which pollution heightens diabetes risk is its impact on insulin production. Pollution may lead to the destruction or exhaustion of Beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in a reduction of insulin production. This disruption in insulin levels becomes a key contributor to the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Insulin Resistance: A Consequence of Pollution
In addition to affecting insulin production, pollution can also induce insulin resistance. Even when the body produces sufficient insulin, pollution can decrease tissue sensitivity to its action. This resistance complicates the regulation of blood sugar levels, further increasing the risk of developing diabetes.
Indirect Effects: Lethargy, Obesity, and Sedentary Lifestyle
Beyond direct pathways, pollution’s indirect effects play a crucial role in diabetes risk. High pollution levels discourage outdoor activities, hindering exercise routines. The resultant lethargy and obesity, coupled with a sedentary lifestyle, contribute significantly to the development of diabetes. This multifaceted connection between pollution and diabetes underscores the urgency of addressing environmental factors in diabetes prevention.
Combatting the Threat: A Call to Action
Dr. Nayar emphasizes the importance of reducing pollution through collective efforts. Simple measures such as carpooling, the use of public transport, and minimizing indoor pollution sources like burning mosquito coils can make a difference. Wearing masks, maintaining a healthy diet, and staying hydrated are individual steps that can help mitigate the harmful effects of pollution. For those with existing health conditions, extra precautions are necessary, including regular medication adherence and consultation with physicians if pollution-related symptoms arise. As our battle against diabetes intensifies, addressing the insidious role of air pollution becomes a crucial aspect of public health and well-being.
- How does air pollution impact our risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
A: Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), triggers inflammation, oxidative stress, and can lead to insulin resistance. These factors contribute to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes.
- Can pollution affect organs other than the lungs, leading to diabetes?
A: Yes, pollution affects various organs such as the heart, eyes, throat, gastrointestinal tract, and even the brain. Prolonged exposure to pollutants can cause multiple health problems, including cancer and an increased risk of diabetes.
- What role does insulin play in the connection between pollution and diabetes?
A: Pollution can disrupt insulin production by causing damage to Beta cells in the pancreas. Additionally, it can induce insulin resistance, making it challenging for the body to regulate blood sugar levels effectively.
- Are there indirect ways in which pollution contributes to diabetes risk?
A: Indirectly, high pollution levels discourage outdoor activities, leading to a sedentary lifestyle and obesity. These lifestyle factors are contributory elements in the development of type 2 diabetes.
- How can individuals protect themselves from the harmful effects of air pollution?
A: Individuals can reduce their exposure to pollution by using public transport, carpooling, and avoiding the burning of indoor pollutants like mosquito coils. Wearing masks, maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and adhering to prescribed medications are essential steps in mitigating the risks associated with air pollution.
-by Kashvi Gala