India experienced a scorching summer with 536 heatwave days, the highest in 14 years. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported that June alone saw 181 heatwave days, breaking the record set in 2010 with 177 days.
Record-Breaking Temperatures in Northwest India
The northwest region of India experienced its warmest June since 1901. The average maximum temperature in this region was 38.02 degrees Celsius, which is 1.96 degrees Celsius above normal. The average minimum temperature was also higher than usual, standing at 25.44 degrees Celsius, 1.35 degrees Celsius above normal.
Rainfall Deficit in Northeast India
June saw a significant rainfall deficit of 33 per cent in northeast India. This was due to the slow progress of the monsoon season and fewer weather systems developing. Only one low-pressure area formed towards the end of June, compared to the usual three.
Lack of Western Disturbances
The absence of active western disturbances, especially from June 10 to June 19, contributed to the prolonged dry spell and heatwave conditions in northwest and central India. Only three western disturbances were observed in north India during June, whereas the norm is four to five.
Impact of the Heatwave
The intense heat led to over 40,000 suspected heatstroke cases and more than 100 heat-related deaths across India. The heatwave overwhelmed water supply systems and power grids, causing severe water shortages, particularly in Delhi. The capital city experienced 40 consecutive days of temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius starting from May 13, with around 60 heat-related deaths reported.
Heatwave Predictions and Reality
The IMD had initially predicted 10 to 20 heatwave days for the summer season, but the actual number exceeded the prediction. Various parts of east, north, and central India recorded between 20 to 38 heatwave days. The affected states included Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, and Gujarat.
Preparing for Future Heatwaves
This summer’s extreme heatwave conditions highlighted the need for improved climatic condition and adaptive measures to protect public health and infrastructure from the increasing impacts of climate change.
-Prisha Jaiswal